Reference calculations · v1
Golden dataset
Two fully specified steel plants, worked by hand and then run through the engine on this page. Every input, every intermediate step and every expected figure is published, so the arithmetic can be checked rather than trusted.
Passing tests prove an engine agrees with itself. This is the beginning of proving it agrees with the regulation.
Status
Not yet reviewed by an external practitioner.
Internally derived and not yet checked by a qualified CBAM practitioner. It demonstrates the engine is consistent and reproducible; it does not yet demonstrate that it is right.
The engine reproduces both reference cases exactly, as of this page load.
Scrap-based EAF, billet
reproduces exactly100,000 t of steel billet from a scrap-fed electric arc furnace, with 10% of the metallic charge as purchased pig iron. Standard calculation method.
The workings, by hand
Natural gas: 5,000 t x 0.048 TJ/t x 56.1 tCO2/TJ x 1 = 13,464 tCO2 Carbon injectant: 2,000 t x 2.6 tCO2/t = 5,200 tCO2 Graphite electrodes: 150 t x 3.554 tCO2/t = 533.1 tCO2 Limestone: 3,000 t x 0.44 tCO2/t = 1,320 tCO2 Direct total = 13,464 + 5,200 + 533.1 + 1,320 = 20,517.1 tCO2 Electricity: 45,000 MWh x 0.71 tCO2/MWh = 31,950 tCO2 (reported, not charged — steel is Annex II, direct only) Precursor: 10,000 t pig iron x 1.9 tCO2e/t = 19,000 tCO2e AttrEm = 20,517.1 (indirect excluded for steel) SEE = (AttrEm 20,517.1 + EEInpMat 19,000) / 100,000 t = 0.395171 tCO2e/t
The engine's own derivation
Source stream: Natural gas 5000 t x 0.048 TJ/t x 56.1 tCO2e/TJ x 1 = 13464 tCO2e Source stream: Carbon injectant 2000 t x 2.6 tCO2e/t x 1 = 5200 tCO2e Source stream: Graphite electrodes 150 t x 3.554 tCO2e/t x 1 = 533.1 tCO2e Source stream: Limestone 3000 t x 0.44 tCO2e/t x 1 = 1320 tCO2e Purchased electricity 45000000 kWh / 1000 x 0.71 tCO2e/MWh = 31950 tCO2e Attributed emissions (AttrEmg) direct 20517.1 = 20517.1 tCO2e Precursor: Pig iron 10000 t x 1.9 tCO2e/t = 19000 tCO2e Specific embedded emissions (SEEg), complex good (AttrEm 20517.1 + EEInpMat 19000) / AL 100000 = 0.395171 tCO2e/t
Integrated BF-BOF, hot rolled coil
reproduces exactly200,000 t of hot rolled coil from an integrated blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace, calculated by mass balance. No purchased precursors — ironmaking is inside the boundary.
The workings, by hand
Carbon in: coke 100,000 t x 0.85 = 85,000 tC
PCI 40,000 t x 0.75 = 30,000 tC
flux 20,000 t x 0.12 = 2,400 tC
total 117,400 tC
Carbon out: crude steel 210,000 t x 0.04 = 8,400 tC
slag 30,000 t x 0.02 = 600 tC
total 9,000 tC
Net carbon oxidised = 117,400 − 9,000 = 108,400 tC
Direct = 108,400 tC x 44/12 = 397,177.6 tCO2
Electricity: 90,000 MWh x 0.71 = 63,900 tCO2 (reported, not charged)
No purchased precursors: ironmaking is inside the installation boundary, so this is a simple good.
SEE = 397,177.6 / 200,000 t = 1.985888 tCO2e/tThe engine's own derivation
Source stream: Coke 100000 t x 0.85 tC/t x 44/12 = 311440 tCO2e Source stream: Pulverised coal injection 40000 t x 0.75 tC/t x 44/12 = 109920 tCO2e Source stream: Limestone flux 20000 t x 0.12 tC/t x 44/12 = 8793.6 tCO2e Source stream: Carbon in crude steel − 210000 t x 0.04 tC/t x 44/12 = -30777.6 tCO2e Source stream: Carbon in slag − 30000 t x 0.02 tC/t x 44/12 = -2198.4 tCO2e Purchased electricity 90000000 kWh / 1000 x 0.71 tCO2e/MWh = 63900 tCO2e Attributed emissions (AttrEmg) direct 397177.6 = 397177.6 tCO2e Specific embedded emissions (SEEg), simple good AttrEm 397177.6 / AL 200000 = 1.985888 tCO2e/t
Read every field we collect and the rule behind it. Verdex prepares evidence and does not verify — figures count in a CBAM declaration once a body accredited under Reg. (EC) 765/2008 by an EU or EEA national accreditation body signs them.